Steel vs Timber: When Should You Use Each Building Material?

Steel and timber are two of the most popular construction materials in the US. They are both incredibly versatile - used for everything from frames to roofs to windows. Each material is also very durable. But steel and timber otherwise have very different properties ,which are worth considering when planning your building project. 

This article explores the unique pros of each material to help you decide when to use steel and when to use timber. 

When should you build with steel?

Steel was first used in construction in the late 1800s - initially for structures like bridges. It would become the later prime choice of material for urban developments like skyscrapers and would be commonly used for many other commercial buildings like stores and warehouses. In recent years, it’s become more common as a material for homes. Below are a few examples of instances when it can be a good choice to build with steel…

When you want to build faster

It can be much faster to build with steel, because parts can be prefabricated off-site and then pieced together. Quite often, a single steel house will take 3 to 6 months to build, whereas a single timber house will take 8 to 12 months. For those who are in a hurry to get projects completed, steel is the best option.

When you want to explore complex shapes

Steel also has the benefit of being able to be molded into various diverse shapes that cannot be easily achieved with timber. This includes complex features like spiral staircases or domes or curved walls. It is often used in commercial buildings because of how well it can be shaped.

When you want a fire-proof option

While timber can be treated to make it more fire-resistant, it cannot be made fire-proof. Steel on the other hand is non-combustible and can withstand very high temperatures. It is a popular option in locations that are prone to wildfires.

When you want to protect against pests

Some pests may be able to chew through timber, but few can chew through steel. If you own a wooden shed or a barn and you’re fed up with rodents or bugs getting in, consider rebuilding it as a steel structure. Steel is particularly well-suited to structures used for storing food like grain sheds. 

When you want a long-lasting low-maintenance option

Steel can last half a century before experiencing any loss of integrity. While timber can last just as long, it typically requires a lot more maintenance. This includes regular cleaning and sealing to protect it from damage and keep it looking attractive. Steel may require cleaning and applications of protective coatings to prevent rust setting in, but this maintenance can be carried out a lot more infrequently. 

Why build with timber?

Timber has been used by humans to build structures for millennia. It’s one of the most timeless and reliable materials - used in the construction of everything from fencing to houses. There are a few unique advantages that have helped timber to remain such a popular choice. Below are some of the reasons you may want to build with timber…

When you want natural aesthetics

Unlike steel, timber is a natural material. Every piece of wood has its own grain and tone, which can make timber structures feel more unique. Its rustic warmth also makes it more popular for interior features like countertops and cupboards. 

When you want to build sustainably

Technically metal structures can be very sustainable, because steel can be recycled. However, timber has the advantage of coming from trees that can be continuously replanted. Just make sure that timber is sourced from sustainable forests if building an eco-friendly structure is important to you. 

When you want better insulation

Steel is not a great insulator. Timber on the other hand can be a great material for containing a stable temperature within a building without the need for constant heating or air conditioning. For saving money on energy bills, timber structures can therefore often be better suited. 

When you want to reduce noise

As many of us have no doubt experienced, steel roofs can get noisy in the rain or hail. Although there are ways to muffle this noise, timber naturally provides more of a sound barrier. It can therefore be a better choice of material if you want to keep noise out of a property. That said, thick steel can be good for keeping out noise and can be combined with wood layers for effective sound insulation. 

When you want to save money on materials

Timber also tends to cost less than steel. This makes it easier to use on a tighter budget. Steel does have the advantage that it is faster to build with than timber and may require less labor, however this may only be noticeable on a larger project. 

Should you use steel or timber?

Steel is a good choice if you want to build fast. It can be formed into all kinds of complex shapes and is a good choice if you want your building to look more modern. It’s a sensible choice for buildings in wildfire-prone areas or for buildings that you want to make pest-proof. It’s also a good option if you’re looking for something low maintenance.

Timber is a better choice if you want a building to look more traditional and rustic. It’s a sustainable option, making it a good choice for environmentally-conscious construction projects. If you want better sound insulation or thermal insulation, you should also consider timber. It can also be a more cost-effective option for smaller projects.

Of course, it is possible to use both. This form of hybrid construction can provide the best of both worlds - you can benefit from the great customization and better protection of steel, while also incorporating the thermal insulation qualities and natural beauty of timber. This does mean selecting contractors that can work with both materials and also understanding how the two materials interact (steel is likely to be heavier and wood can expand and contract, which is something you need to consider).